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Termites are known to take pollen and frequently see blossoms,177 are regarded as potential pollinators for any number of flowering plants.178 One flower in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is regularly pollinated by foraging workers, and it's perhaps the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177
Many plants have grown effective defences against termites. However, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only develop when they've passed the seedling stage.179 Defence is typically achieved by secreting antifeedant chemicals into the woody cell walls.180 This lowers the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.
When kept near the infusion, they become disoriented and eventually perish.181.
Termite populations can be substantially influenced by environmental changes including those due to human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of 3 websites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites had been present in the three sites, and 196 encounters were recorded in the transects.
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The wood-feeders were the most severely affected feeding group. .
A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the construction itself, which can be constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but always connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are made out of earth and mud.
Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.
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To build their nests, termites mostly utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and dirt, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples Resources of subterranean nest contractors, as they only reside inside tunnels.
Nests and mounds protect the termites' delicate bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and thus the inhabitants utilize counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .
Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change is caused by bacterial decay in the intestine of their termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.
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Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in areas having torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.
For instance, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to obstruct.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and can be employed as innovative pest control a final line of defence. .
Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3Â to 4Â metres (9Â to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8Â feet) wide.
The sculptured mounds occasionally have elaborate and distinctive types, such as those of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.